What does strain theory suggest about societal pressures?

Strain theory posits that societal pressures and the inability to achieve culturally defined goals can create a sense of strain or frustration, which may lead individuals to engage in criminal behavior as a means of coping or adapting to their circumstances. According to this theory, when people are faced with barriers that hinder their success—whether economic, social, or psychological—they may resort to illegitimate means to achieve their goals. This perspective highlights how societal expectations and the disparities in access to legitimate pathways for success can push individuals towards crime.

For instance, if someone is unable to attain financial stability through legitimate work due to systemic inequalities, they may feel compelled to commit theft or other crimes to meet their needs. Thus, strain theory emphasizes the relationship between societal pressures and individual responses, particularly under conditions of limited opportunity.